Ejemplo: total global y porcentaje por venta

SELECT v.id_venta, v.total,
       SUM(v.total) OVER () AS total_global,
       CAST(100.0 * v.total / SUM(v.total) OVER () AS decimal(10,2)) AS porcentaje
FROM ventas v;

Ejemplo: acumulado por cliente (orden por fecha)

SELECT v.id_cliente, v.fecha, v.total,
       SUM(v.total) OVER (PARTITION BY v.id_cliente ORDER BY v.fecha
                          ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS acumulado
FROM ventas v;