Ejemplo: clientes que compraron al menos 3 veces

SELECT c.nombre
FROM clientes c
WHERE 3 <= (
  SELECT COUNT(*)
  FROM ventas v
  WHERE v.id_cliente = c.id_cliente
);

Mejor lectura con EXISTS

SELECT c.nombre
FROM clientes c
WHERE EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM ventas v
  WHERE v.id_cliente = c.id_cliente
  GROUP BY v.id_cliente
  HAVING COUNT(*) >= 3
);